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Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Lecturing as a method of teaching is so frequently under attack today from educational psychologists ꘒꐛ竝⪫鞽䟙栌챷http://bulo.hjenglish.com/q/©版权所有沪江网챷栌䟙鞽⪫竝ꐛꘒand by students that some justification is needed to keep it. Critics believe that is
results in passive methods of learning which tend to be less effective than those which fully engage the learner. They also maintain that students have no opportunity to ask questions and must all receive the same content at the same pace, that they are exposed only to one teacher' s
interpretation of subject matter which will certainly be limited and that, anyway, few lectures rise above dullness. Nevertheless, in a number of inquiries this pessimistic evaluation of lecturing as a
teaching method proves not to be general among students although they do fairly often comment
on poor lecturing techniques.
Students praise lectures which are clear 颃ឞ簁ꁽﲌ剅欉鸿http://bulo.hjenglish.com/menu.htm©版权所有沪江网鸿欉剅ﲌꁽ簁ឞ颃and orderly outlines in which basic principles are
emphasised but dislike too numberous digressions(离题) or lectures which consist in part of the
contents of a textbook. Students of science subjects consider that a lecture is a good way to in-
traduce a new subject, putting it in its value as a period of discussion of problems and possible
solutions with their lecturer. They do not look for inspiration(灵感) -this is more commenly
mentioned by teachers - but arts students look for originality in lectures. Medical and dental
students who have reports on teaching methods, or specifically on lecturing, suggest that there
should be fewer lectures or that, at the least, more would be unpopular.
21. The passage states that
A) few students dislike lecturing as a teaching method
B) lecturing is a good method of teaching
C) lecturing as a teaching method proves to be uninspiring
D) most students like lectures because they can fully engage the learner
22. According to the critics,
A) lectures can't make students active in their studies
B) some lecturers' knowledge of their subjects limited
C) most lectures are similar in content
D) few lectures are dull
23. According to this passage, students dislike lectures which
A) introduce mat la[ not included in the texbook
B) present many problems for discussion
C) always w츥췙�ﱯ嚖藵鿿勐http://www.hjbbs.com/©版权所有沪江网勐鿿藵嚖ﱯ�췙츥ander from the subject
D) stress the main points
24. Lecturing as a teaching method is less appreciated by
A) dental teachers B) medical students
C) arts lecturers D) science learners
25. According to the author, the evaluation of lecturing as a teaching method by educational
psychologists is
A) defonsive B) conservative C) realistic D) negative
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions. It has to decide which of
the things around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided when to attack and when to run
away. The animal is, in effect, playing a complicated 譱숵蛐∹䙁뽥獓㷵沪江四六级欢迎您!©版权所有沪江网㷵獓뽥䙁∹蛐숵譱and potentially very dangerous game with
its environment, discomfort or destruction.
This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive if they had to
start from the beginning 덐䵘詉嗝ﲀ鴴耻职http://bulo.hjenglish.com/group.htm©版权所有沪江网职耻鴴ﲀ嗝詉䵘덐and learn about the world wholly by trial and error, for there are the
have possible decisions which would prove fatal. So we find, in practice, that the game is always
arranged in favour of the young animal in one way or another. Either the animal is protected
during the early stages of its learning about the world around it, or the knowledge of which way
to respond is built into its nervous system from the start.
The fact that animals behave sensibly can be attributed partly to what we might call
genetic(遗传的) learning, to distinguish it from the individual learning that an animal does in the
course of its own life time. Genetic learning is learning by a species as a whole, and it is achieved
by selection of those members of each generation that happen to behave in the right way. How-
ever, genetic learning depends upon a prediction that the future will more or less exactly resemble
the past. The more variable individual experience is likely to be, the less efficient is genetic
learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game. It is not surprising to find
that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning. In the great majority of animals, behaviour is a compound of individual experience 훟䳀�ꂫ륏�㭽http://bulo.hjenglish.com/goal.htm©版权所有沪江网㭽�륏ꂫ�䳀훟and genetic learning to behave in particular
ways.
26. According to the first paragraph, the survival game is considered potentially very dangerous
because
A) animals are constantly threatened by attacks
B) wrong decisions will lead to the disappearance of a species
C) decisions made by an animal may turn out to be fatal
D) few animals can survive in their struggle with the environment
27. It is implied but not directly stated in the passage that most animals
A) are likely to make wrong decisions
B) have made correct decisions for their survival
C) depend entirely on their parents in learning about the world around them
D) survive by means of individual learning
28. Genetic learning is effective only if
A) the survival game is arranged in favour of the young animals
B) the animals can adapt themselves to the changing surroundings
C) circumstances remain more or less the same
D) the animals have varied individual experiences
29. The best TITLE for this passage would be
A) The Decision - Making Ability of Animals
B) Survival and Environment
C) Reward and Penalty for Animals
D) Behaviour 낵㻰畼ᘤ쯜