【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. at the moment 2. used to 3. for a while 4. walk away with sth. 5. leave for some place 6. sooner or later 7. pay for 8. come up with an idea 9. think of 10. have a try 11. all over the world 12. be famous for 13. large numbers of 14. all the year round 15. no matter what 16. give up 17. for example 18. by the way 19. on business 20. so far 21. come true 22. set off 23. slow down 24. go on doing 25. wait for 26. be proud of 27. be afraid of 28. speak highly of 29. a year and a half 30. half a year 31. pick up 32. as soon as 33. keep… clean 34. take care of 35. cut down 36. make a contribution to 37. base on 38. make sure 39. take away 40. begin with 41. right now 42. as soon as possible 43. leave a message 44. all kinds of things 45. walk around 46. fall asleep 47. wake up 48. go on a trip 49. have a good time 50. take photos 51. come out 52. come on 53. have a family meeting 54. talk about 55. go for a holiday 56 go scuba diving 57. write down 58. by oneself 59. walk along 60. get a chance to do sth 61. have a wonderful time 62. book a room 63. have an accident 64. be interested in 65. use sth. to do sth. 66. make a TV show 67. be amazed at 68. take part in 69. feed on 70. get out of II. 重要句型 1. Why don’t you do sth.? 2. make sb. Happy 3. borrow sth. from sb. 4. forget to do sth. 5. pay fro sth. 6. return sth. To sb. 7. learn sth. from sb. 8. be famous for sth. 9. No matter what… 10. be with sb. 11. go on doing sth. 12. speak highly of sb. 13. keep doing sth. 14. allow sb. To do sth. 15. encourage sb. to do sth. 16. It is said that… III. 交际用语 1. --- Excuse me, have you got …? --- Yes, I have. (Sorry, I haven’t.) 2. --- Why don’t you …? --- Thanks, I will. 3. --- Thanks a lot. (Thank you very much.) --- You are welcome. 4. --- Have you ever done…? --- Yes, I have, once. (No, never.) 5. --- I’ve just done… --- Really? 6. ---What’s …like ? 7. --- How long have you been…? --- Since… 8. --- Have you ever been to…? --- I’ve never been there. (None of us has./ Only …has. ) 9. --- Would you like to have a try? --- I don’t think I can… 10. --- What have you done since…? 11. --- How long have you been at this …? --- For… 12. --- How long has she/ he worked there…? --- She’s / He’s worked there for… / all her / his life. 13. --- I’m sorry he isn’t here right now. 14. --- May I help you? 15. --- That’s very kind of you. 16. ---Could we go scuba diving? 17. --- Could you tell us how long we’re going to be away? 18. --- Let’s try to find some information about it, OK? 19. --- Could you please tell me how to search the Internet? 20. --- Go straight along here. 21. ---Please go to Gate 12. 22. --- Please come this way. 23. --- Could you tell me what you think about Hainan Island? 24. --- That sounds really cool! IV. 重要语法 1. 宾语从句 2. 现在完成时 3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较： 【名师讲解】 1. Maybe/ may be (1) maybe是副词，意思是“大概，也许”，常用作状语。 Maybe you put it in your bag.也许你把它放在包里了。 “Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天来吗？”“也许不”。 (2) may be相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭配一起作谓语，意思是“也许是…，可能是…”。 It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能于九点到达。 The man may be a lawyer. 那人也许是律师。 2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use (1) borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西，即我们通常所说的“借进来”。 We often borrow books from our school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。 I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我从老师那儿借来了这本字典。 borrow是一个瞬间完成的动作，因此不能与时间段连用。 You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 错误 ) I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 错误 ) (2) lend表示的是把自己的东西借给别人，即我们通常所说的“借出去”。 Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。 He often lends money to his brother.他经常借钱给他弟弟。 lend与borrow一样，也是一个瞬间完成的 动作，不能与一段时间连用。 (3) keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借来后的保存或使用阶段，是一段持续的时间，因此可以与时 间段连用。 You can keep my recorder for three days.我的录音机你可以借用三天。 I have kept this book for only one week.这本书我才刚借了一星期。 (4) use也可以当“借用”讲，但它的本意是“用，使用”。 May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下吗？ He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用这部公用电话。 3. leave/ leave for (1) leave意思是“离开，留下”。 We left Shanghai two years ago.我们两年前离开了上海。 He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手机落在出租车里了。 (2) leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地。 We will leave for Tibet next month.我们将于下月去*。 The train is leaving for Moscow.这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。 4. since/ for (1) since用于完成时态，既能用作介词，也能用作连词，后常接时间点，意思是“自从”。 He has been a worker since he came into this city. 自从他来到这个城市，他就是工人了。 I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai . 自从我们上次在上海见过之后，我再也没见过他。 since作连词，还有“既然”的意思。 Since you are interested in it, just do it. 既然你对它感兴趣，那就做吧。 You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work. 既然你已经做完了功课，就开心玩会儿吧。 (2) for用于完成时，用作介词，后常接一段时间，意思是“经过…”。 I have learned English for five years.我已经学了五年英语了。 They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他们已经等了你三十分钟了。 for也可以用作连词，但意思是“因为”。 They missed the flight for they were late.他们由于完到了而误了航班。 He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多种原因病倒了。 9. except/ besides (1) except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。 Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动） All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是） (2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”，表示两部分的相似性。 Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了) We like biology besides English. 除了英语外，我们还喜欢生物。（生物和英语都喜欢） besides还可用作副词，意思是“此外；而且”，常用于句首或句尾。 He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician. 他是一名伟大的思想家，除此以外，他还是一位政治家。 They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides. 他们不仅鼓励我，而且与我以金钱上的支持。 10. keep doing/ keep on doing (1) keep doing指的是连续地、坚持不断地做某事，中间不间断。 It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天风了。 The temperature keeps dropping.温度持续下降。 (2) keep on doing是指反复坚持做某事，但动作之间略有间隔。 They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他们已经互相通信多年了。 After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后，他坚持讲话。 11. seem/ look (1) seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据，意思是“似乎、好象、看起来…”。 The baby seems to be happy.婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。 He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。 seem能与to do结构连用，而look不能。 It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。 They seemed to have finished their work.他们似乎已经完成了工作。 在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。 It seems that he is quite busy now.他现在看起来很忙。 It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看来没什么大不了的。 (2) look用作“看起来；好像”时，常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断，是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。 The room looks clean.这间房看起来很干净。 The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。 12. such/ so (1)such常用作形容词，用来修饰名词。 Don’t be such a fool.别这么傻。 He is such a clever boy.他是如此聪明的一个男孩。 (2) so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。 He is so kind! 他真好心！ Why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如此晚？ 当名词前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少时，应该用so。 He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。 Only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时间！ 13. either/ too/ also (1)either用作“也”时是副词，常用于否定句句尾。 She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日本人，我也不是。 My sister doesn’t like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌。 (2)too常用于肯定句或疑问句尾，表示“也”。 He likes China, too.他也喜欢中国。 Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年级吗？ (3)also也常用于肯定句或疑问句，但一般位于句中。 We are also students.我们也是学生。 He also went there on foot.他也是走着去的。 Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看吗？ 【考点扫描】 中考考点在本单元主要集中在： 1. 宾语从句的时态和语序； 2. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别； 3. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型； 4. 本单元学习的日常交际用语。 考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。 【中考范例】 1. （2004年北京市海淀区中考试题） ---Do you know ________________? ---Only ten months old. A. when does Tiger Woods start golfing B. when did Tiger Woods start golfing C. when Tiger Woods starts golfing D. when Tiger Woods started golfing 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的时态和语序。这个宾语从句的时态应用一般过去时，应为这里说的是过去的事情。语序应用陈述句的语序，所以正确答案是: when Tiger Woods started golfing。 2. （2004年北京市海淀区中考试题） I’m interested in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital. A. pay B. get C. take D. spend 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是pay, get, take和spend这四个动词的用法区别。只有动词spend可以用在sb. spends time doing sth. 这个句型里，所以正确答案影视spend。 3. （2004年天津市中考试题） Could I ________ your telephone? I have something important to tell my parents. A. keep B. borrow C. use D. lend 【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是keep, borrow, use和lend四个动词的用法区别。keep的真正含义是“保留”，borrow的含义是“借入”，lend的含义是“借出”，只有use的含义是“使用”。在这个句子里实际上是“使用”的意思，所以应选use。 4. （2004年鄂州市中考试题） ---Hi, Ann. Where’s your brother? I need his help. ---He left home two weeks ago and _____away ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是动词时态的用法区别。一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或现在所处的状态；一般过去时表示过去的动作或过去所处的状态；过去完成时表示过去的动作或过去的时间以前发生的事情；现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或刚刚结束。这里只能用现在完成时。